Sample Size for a PGS Target Sample

what is generally considered a good sample size for a PGS target sample population?

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depends on the heritability of the trait and sample size of the GWAS

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As big as possible - you can check power using a standard regression power calculator

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Can rare variants included in PRS analysis increase the prediction accuracy of the trait?

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technically yes - in practice it depends on how rare they are

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it should, but methods require LD reference data, which should then also include the rare variants

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also keep in mind that rare variants, by virtue of being rare, are probably not going to explain much variance in the sample