Environmental Effects and G×E in QTL Analyses

how do we model environmental effects or gene–environment interactions in the QTL analyses, it is the same as looking into key covariates such as age, sex, ancestry principal components , thank

Replying to “how do we model environmental effects or gene–envi…”:

Great question and it depends - conditioning on heritable covariates can cause some challenges in the genetic associations - see this paper: Adjusting for heritable covariates can bias effect estimates in genome-wide association studies - PubMed

Replying to “how do we model environmental effects or gene–envi…”:

Thanks a ton.

Replying to “how do we model environmental effects or gene–envi…”:

Otherwise, it depends a lot on the modeling question