# Generalizing HWE tests to account for structure

**URL:** https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/t/generalizing-hwe-tests-to-account-for-structure/712
**Category:** Theory & background
**Created:** [March 3, 2025, 6:35pm UTC](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/t/generalizing-hwe-tests-to-account-for-structure/712 "2025-03-03T18:35:35Z")
**Posts on this page:** 1
**Page:** 1

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### Author: ![bneale](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/user_avatar/isgw-forum.colorado.edu/bneale/32/38_2.png) [@bneale](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/u/bneale)
#### Post date: [March 3, 2025, 6:35pm UTC](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/t/generalizing-hwe-tests-to-account-for-structure/712/1 "2025-03-03T18:35:35Z")

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Here’s a paper [Extending Tests of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium to Structured Populations - PMC](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6827367/) which enables a generalization for HWE to allow for structure.