# Environmental Effects and G×E in QTL Analyses

**URL:** <https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/t/environmental-effects-and-gxe-in-qtl-analyses/909>\
**Category:** Day 8\
**Created:** [June 11, 2026, 10:44pm UTC](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/t/environmental-effects-and-gxe-in-qtl-analyses/909 "2026-06-11T22:44:57Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 1\
**Page:** 1

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**Author:** ![anonymous](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/letter_avatar_proxy/v4/letter/a/8491ac/32.png) [@anonymous](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/u/anonymous)\
**Post date:** [June 11, 2026, 10:44pm UTC](https://isgw-forum.colorado.edu/t/environmental-effects-and-gxe-in-qtl-analyses/909/1 "2026-06-11T22:44:57Z")

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how do we model environmental effects or gene–environment interactions in the QTL analyses, it is the same as looking into key covariates such as age, sex, ancestry principal components , thank

> Replying to “how do we model environmental effects or gene–envi…”:

Great question and it depends - conditioning on heritable covariates can cause some challenges in the genetic associations - see this paper: [Adjusting for heritable covariates can bias effect estimates in genome-wide association studies - PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25640676/)

> Replying to “how do we model environmental effects or gene–envi…”:

Thanks a ton.

> Replying to “how do we model environmental effects or gene–envi…”:

Otherwise, it depends a lot on the modeling question